Computer Architecture

Course Objectives:

1. 1. To acquaint the students with the fundamentals of computer systems.
   2. To apprise the students with the architectural and associated components of computer systems.
   3. To aware the students about the architecture of the computer systems available in the market.

Course Contents:

Unit I: Introduction ————————————————————– 4 hours

1. 1. Computer Organization and Computer Architecture
   2. Review of Evolution of Computer System Basic Structure of Computer System
   3. Examples of Computer Families
   4. Future Trends in Computer
   5. Review of Instruction Set
   6. Addressing Modes
   7. Instruction Formats

Unit II: Register Transfer and Micro Operations ————————- 2 hours

1. 1. Register Transfer and RTL
   2. Micro operations
   3. Data Transfer Micro operations
   4. Arithmetic and Logical Micro operations
   5. Shift Micro operations
   6. Introduction to HDL and VHDL

Unit III: Central Processing Unit ——————————————— 3 hours

1. 1. CPU Organization/Structure
   2. Register Organization and Data Paths
   3. Instruction Cycle
   4. Arithmetic and Logical Unit
   5. Design Principles for Modern Systems

Unit IV: Computer Arithmetic ———————————————— 6 hours

1. 1. Integer Representation
   2. Integer Arithmetic
   3. Unsigned Binary Addition and Subtraction
   4. Unsigned Binary Multiplication Algorithm
   5. Booth’s Algorithm
   6. Unsigned Binary Division Algorithm
   7. Floating Point Representation
   8. BCD Arithmetic Unit
   9. BCD Adder
   10. Arithmetic Pipelining

Unit V: Control Unit ————————————————————- 6 hours

1. 1. Control of the Processor
   2. Hardwired Control Unit:
      1. Control Unit Inputs and Control Unit Logic
      2. Micro programmed Control Unit:
         1. Micro Instructions and Its Types and Architecture of Micro programmed Control Unit
         2. Micro Instruction Sequencing
         3. Micro Instruction Execution
      3. Applications of Hardwired and Micro programmed Control Units

Unit VI: Memory Organization ———————————————– 6 hours

1. 1. Memory Hierarchy
   2. Main Memory:
      1. RAM and ROM
   3. Auxiliary Memory:
      1. Magnetic Disks and Tapes
      2. Optical Disks
      3. Flash Drives
      4. Review of RAID
   4. Associative Memory:
      1. Hardware Organization
      2. Address Matching Logic
      3. Read/Write Operations
   5. Cache Memory:
      1. Cache Initialization
      2. Mapping Cache Memory
      3. Direct
      4. Associative and Set Associative Memory Mapping Write Policy

Unit VII: Input-Output Organization —————————————- 4 hours

1. 1. External Devices
   2. I/O Module Structure
   3. Review of Programmed I/O
   4. Interrupt Driven I/O
   5. Review of DMA
   6. I/O Channels
   7. I/O Processors
   8. External Interfaces

Unit VIII: Reduced Instruction Set Computers ————————— 4 hours

1. 1. RISC VS. CISC
   2. RISC Pipelining
   3. Instruction Pipelining
   4. Conflicts in Instruction Pipelining and their Solutions
   5. Introduction to Register Windows and Register Renaming

Unit IX: Introduction to Parallel Processing ——————————- 6 hours

1. 1. Parallelism in Uniprocessor System
   2. Multiprocessor Systems and their Characteristics
   3. Flynn’s Classification
   4. Interconnection Structures in Multiprocessors
   5. Cache Coherence
   6. Introduction to Vector Processing and Array Processors
   7. Introduction to Multi-threaded Architecture

Unit X: Multicore Computers ————————————————- 3 hours

1. 1. Hardware Performance Issues:
      1. Increase in Parallelism
      2. Alternative Chip Organizations
      3. Power Consumption
   2. Software Performance Issues:
      1. Software on Multicore
      2. Multicore Organization
      3. Dual Core and Quad Core Processors
      4. Power efficient Processors

Laboratory:

Text Books:

1. 1. Stallings, W., “Computer Organization and Architecture”, Eighth Edition, 2011, Pearson.
   2. Mano, M.M., “Computer Systems Architecture”, Third Edition, 2011, Pearson.

References:

1. 1. Tanenbaum, A.S., “Structured Computer Organization”, Fourth Edition, 2003, Pearson Education.
   2. Carpinelli, J.D., “Computer Systems Organization and Architecture”, 2012, Pearson.
   3. Rajaraman, V. et all, “Computer Organization and Architecture”, 2011, PHI.
   4. Sima, D. et all, “Advanced Computer Architecture”, 2000, Addison Wesley.