Course Objectives:
The general objectives of the course are as follows:
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- To acquaint the students with the fundamentals of computer systems.
- To apprise the students with the architectural and associated components of computer systems.
- To aware the students about the architecture of the computer systems available in the market.
Course Contents:
Unit I: Introduction ————————————————————– 4 hours
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- Computer Organization and Computer Architecture
- Review of Evolution of Computer System Basic Structure of Computer System
- Examples of Computer Families
- Future Trends in Computer
- Review of Instruction Set
- Addressing Modes
- Instruction Formats
Unit II: Register Transfer and Micro Operations ————————- 2 hours
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- Register Transfer and RTL
- Micro operations
- Data Transfer Micro operations
- Arithmetic and Logical Micro operations
- Shift Micro operations
- Introduction to HDL and VHDL
Unit III: Central Processing Unit ——————————————— 3 hours
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- CPU Organization/Structure
- Register Organization and Data Paths
- Instruction Cycle
- Arithmetic and Logical Unit
- Design Principles for Modern Systems
Unit IV: Computer Arithmetic ———————————————— 6 hours
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- Integer Representation
- Integer Arithmetic
- Unsigned Binary Addition and Subtraction
- Unsigned Binary Multiplication Algorithm
- Booth’s Algorithm
- Unsigned Binary Division Algorithm
- Floating Point Representation
- BCD Arithmetic Unit
- BCD Adder
- Arithmetic Pipelining
Unit V: Control Unit ————————————————————- 6 hours
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- Control of the Processor
- Hardwired Control Unit:
- Control Unit Inputs and Control Unit Logic
- Micro programmed Control Unit:
- Micro Instructions and Its Types and Architecture of Micro programmed Control Unit
- Micro Instruction Sequencing
- Micro Instruction Execution
- Applications of Hardwired and Micro programmed Control Units
Unit VI: Memory Organization ———————————————– 6 hours
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- Memory Hierarchy
- Main Memory:
- RAM and ROM
- Auxiliary Memory:
- Magnetic Disks and Tapes
- Optical Disks
- Flash Drives
- Review of RAID
- Associative Memory:
- Hardware Organization
- Address Matching Logic
- Read/Write Operations
- Cache Memory:
- Cache Initialization
- Mapping Cache Memory
- Direct
- Associative and Set Associative Memory Mapping Write Policy
Unit VII: Input-Output Organization —————————————- 4 hours
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- External Devices
- I/O Module Structure
- Review of Programmed I/O
- Interrupt Driven I/O
- Review of DMA
- I/O Channels
- I/O Processors
- External Interfaces
Unit VIII: Reduced Instruction Set Computers ————————— 4 hours
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- RISC VS. CISC
- RISC Pipelining
- Instruction Pipelining
- Conflicts in Instruction Pipelining and their Solutions
- Introduction to Register Windows and Register Renaming
Unit IX: Introduction to Parallel Processing ——————————- 6 hours
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- Parallelism in Uniprocessor System
- Multiprocessor Systems and their Characteristics
- Flynn’s Classification
- Interconnection Structures in Multiprocessors
- Cache Coherence
- Introduction to Vector Processing and Array Processors
- Introduction to Multi-threaded Architecture
Unit X: Multicore Computers ————————————————- 3 hours
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- Hardware Performance Issues:
- Increase in Parallelism
- Alternative Chip Organizations
- Power Consumption
- Software Performance Issues:
- Software on Multicore
- Multicore Organization
- Dual Core and Quad Core Processors
- Power efficient Processors
- Hardware Performance Issues:
Laboratory:
The individual student should develop a project or perform a case study on Computer Architecture. The topic could be either initiated by the student or selected from a list provided by the instructor. An oral presentation with a demonstration in case of project should be part of the laboratory. Reports must be prepared.
Text Books:
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- Stallings, W., “Computer Organization and Architecture”, Eighth Edition, 2011, Pearson.
- Mano, M.M., “Computer Systems Architecture”, Third Edition, 2011, Pearson.
References:
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- Tanenbaum, A.S., “Structured Computer Organization”, Fourth Edition, 2003, Pearson Education.
- Carpinelli, J.D., “Computer Systems Organization and Architecture”, 2012, Pearson.
- Rajaraman, V. et all, “Computer Organization and Architecture”, 2011, PHI.
- Sima, D. et all, “Advanced Computer Architecture”, 2000, Addison Wesley.